Importance of Time Lapses in Death of a Salesman :: English Literature

Why does Arthur Miller use time lapses in his play â€Å"Death of a Salesman†? What was the playwright trying to tell us about Willy Loman? In this essay I will be exploring and analysing â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller. I will be looking the use of flash backs in the play that aim to emphasise that the past is always with us. Looking at the flashbacks will also help understand the character of Willy Loman. The action takes place in Willy Loman’s house and yard also in various places he visits in New York and Boston of 1949. The play was set in post war America. This is after the great Depression, when people had a different point of view and wanted to achieve the â€Å"American Dream†. The American Dream is the longings of people who wanted to develop the country, to amass money and enjoy a comfortable, not to be at the beck and call of the employer. The figure of a salesman was at the cutting edge of the American Dream, a self made person that did not sell his products but his personality. The play shows a series of chronological events which take place during one evening and the next day. At intervals throughout the play we see scenes from Willy’s past enacted on the same stage at the same time. On first impression this would seem more likely to confuse the audience rather than reveal, but Miller had strong reasons for staging the play in this way. It is my belief that playwright tells us the past is not something which is now behind us. The past is always with us informing and influencing our actions. To understand the character of Willy Loman, we must be aware of the emotional burdens he carries with him from the past. To show an example of these recollections I have selected a scene in Act Two. Willy is sitting in a restaurant where he has been invited by the boys, in anticipation of the fact that Biff will be able to secure a loan from Bill Oliver. Willy has just been laid off from his old job, and is hoping that Biff has some good news for him so that Linda can be happy as he knows she has always been loyal to him and made many sacrifices. Willy said â€Å"she has waited and she has suffered†. This shows how loyal and hard working Linda has been to the family, sacrificing to save money. Evidence of this is shown by the stockings that she sits down with and mends so money can be saved.

Creating a Robot Pet Dog Essay example -- Robotics

Missing Figures Abstract The objective of this project is to build a robotic dog that performs tricks that are determined by the number of times it is petted. The robotic dog would be a perfect toy and friend for a child, especially an only child. It would not require training, since the tricks would already be programmed into the robot. Although the idea of the robot seems simple, the actual construction of this robot is extremely difficult and takes up a lot of time. Three different models of the body structure were constructed until a fully functioning robot was finally discovered. Background/Purpose About 10,000 to 15,000 years ago, human beings had developed signs of relationships with wolves, which are believed to be the ancestors of the modern housedog. The wolves were social animals that traveled in packs that they were willing to defend with their lives. Social ranks existed in these wolf packs, in which all the wolves would submit to one leader. This submission made it easy for humans to raise wolves for beneficial reasons because the wolves allowed the recognition of humans as their leaders. As a result, humans lived in harmony with the human-raised wolf companions, utilizing the wolves for hunting, rounding up their flocks, and protecting them when intruders were a threat. After a long period of time, the wolves gradually evolved into the typical household dogs of today. A household dog would be a perfect companion for an only child of modern times, especially since less people want to have children and since some only want to have one child. An only child with no siblings would sometimes feel lonely or bored and would then resort to begging their parents for dogs. The dog could potentially be ... ...ite a difficult task. Robot construction can sometimes be more difficult than programming itself. As a result, it takes a lot of time to actually construct and program a fully functioning robot. If given more time, I believe I would be able to successfully complete this robotic dog. If I could change anything in the project, I would change the amount of time I am given to complete the project. I would also try to ask for help earlier, since I have no experience with designing my own robots. It would have also been nice if I had chosen an easier robot to make. Reference 1. Animal Freedom. The History of Dogs. Retrieved July 1, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.animalfreedom.org/english/opinion/pets/history_of_the_dog.html 2. DogQuotes.com. History of Dogs. Retrieved July 1, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.dogquotes.com/historyofdogs.htm

Anna and Emma and the arts :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The arts, in many different forms, played a major role in the events and outcomes of both Emma’s and Anna’s life. The arts impacted major decisions in both of the characters lives. Whether it was an initial spark or a driving force, art played many roles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though they initially met at the train station, the met once again at a ball they both attend. While they were at the ball they fell into their routine of dancing and socializing. Vronsky sought out Anna when he saw her but when they finally came together for the first time, that would be the beginning of the end for Anna. They were in the moment and the music helped put both of them in a trance with each other. This was the first time that the arts were involved in Anna and Vroksky coming together. This ball caused Anna great excitement inside her but also caused some pain to Kitty. When Kitty saw them together she knew, right at that moment, she had lost Vronsky to Anna. She apologized to Dolly for any hurt feelings that may have arose at the ball with Kitty. I think that underneath her talk with Dolly, Anna enjoyed the affect that she had on Vronsky. When she finally returns home from the exciting ball, her life at home does not excite her as she thought i t would.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These balls and types of parties are something that were normal to Anna. In her class, society, and near friends, these events are of everyday occurrence. The only art that Anna takes part in is only the best her class has available to her. She is very high in status in her marriage with Karenina. They have a status and look to uphold. They drag each other to these great dancing balls or enormous parties and drink and talk about the same old thing every time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vronsky knows about this type of class enough to know the right person who knows the right people. It was all about who you were friends with and who you were connected with. The society of balls and parties was the preference for Anna. Vronsky knew they would meet at these types of events. Vronsky played the arts the right way to conquer his â€Å"fair maiden.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anna also has a chance to see Vronsky in a different way when they went to the races.

Importance of Swot Analysis Essay

Why is the process of conducting an internal and external analysis on a regular basis important for any size company? The process of an internal and external analysis on a regular basis is important for any size company because it allows the company to know where it stands at the moment and determines the development and forecasts of those factors that will influence the organizational success. This is also known as environmental scanning where the external and the internal environments are scanned for information like ongoing trends patterns, occasions and changes going around and the effect it has to both these environments. External analysis: These analyses are performed outside the firm and depend on the following factors: a, MACRO: technological, demographic/economic, political/legal and social/cultural, national and global environment b. MICRO: competitors, suppliers, customers, publics, channels etc. Internal Analysis: This analysis is performed within the firm that includes the employees, management and the shareholders, resources, organisational structure etc. SWOT Analysis  The most common way of analyzing this external and internal environment is by performing the SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym used that describes Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats that are strategic elements for a firm. A SWOT analysis should not only result in the identification of a corporation’s core competencies, but also in the identification of opportunities that the firm is not currently able to take advantage of due to a lack of appropriate resources. (Wheelen, Hunger pg 107) The External analysis comprises of the Opportunities and Threats that the company needs to identify or focus on for its profitability and development of defensive actions. * Opportunities: This analyzes the area where the firm can identify its opportunities so as to have a competitive advantage over its competitors. Once identified, the firm has to work on them to make it one of its strengths. Its main aim is to find an area where they need to develop to be profitable. * Threats: These are the threats that the firm faces from outside the firm and can be from any of the external sources. The firm has to be prepared to tackle these threats by developing strategic decisions when required so that it does not affect their profitability or sales. The Internal analysis focuses on the internal environment of the organisation and analyzes the Strengths and Weaknesses of the company. * Strengths: These are the core competencies of the firm that provides them the advantage of achieving their goals. These should be aligned in meeting the customer requirements because at the end of the day, it is the customer whom they serve. Therefore, it should be customer focussed and market oriented. * Weaknesses: These refer to the firm’s limitations in fulfilling their strategic decisions or failure to implement them. It has to be analyzed from the customer’s point of view so as to get a clear idea. These steps need to analyze the firm’s resources and the capabilities to meet their goals and identify events and trends that might impact the strategic plans and decisions of the company.

Comparrative Essay of Cooking Programs Essay

â€Å"Nigella Bites† And â€Å"Surfing the Menu† are two cooking programmes that share the same end result of delicious foods, but are very different in the contrasting aspects of social context, form and purpose which all help to reflect the cooking styles and personalities of their hosts. The atmosphere and contents of both shows generally appeal to the audiences of a different social status and/or age group. Set in Britain, the programme â€Å"Nigella Bites† appeals to an audience who belong to more of a winter climate. Each episode is formatted as a very comfortable and inviting home movie, using amateur camera work making it look more personal and family orientated. The show is filmed in Nigella’s own house and kitchen allowing her audience to feel welcomed. Images and visuals of illustrated foods and vibrant pink colours are shown throughout the opening credits with Jazz music engagingly flowing in the background. Many of her episodes begin with the view of a freezing British winter day/night and then follow onto Nigella being in the warmth of her own home. â€Å"Surfing the Menu† is a travelogue formatted programme set in Australia which promotes different towns and locations around the country in each episode. Along with catching/acquiring their own ingredients before cooking their meals, the hosts Curtis Stone and Ben O’Donoghue aka â€Å"Bender† also make sure to interact with the culture of each location they shoot in, making the Programme very relaxed as well as educational to the viewers. The opening credits consist of a range of photo shots and bright colours that go with the themes of the tourism and the outdoors. While the boys are traveling cameras makes sure to capture different angles and views of the scenery, including aerial views of the land around them. The atmosphere for each show is evidently contrasted; â€Å"Nigella Bites† is more of a matured cooking programme compared to the jovial attitude of â€Å"Surfing the Menu†. Both shows have very different exterior climates which appeal to different audiences: Nigella pursues the comforts of the indoor warmth compared to the blistering cold of its winters outside. This tends to attract those who like to spend their time inside during the cold/wet days, such as women and mothers living in a winter climate wanting to create more wholesome and warm meals for their friends and families. Nigella showcases a particular social lifestyle that represents the enjoyment involved in cooking and preparing meals for the ones that are dear to her. â€Å"Surfing the Menu† however attracts, and is more of a target to those who are more outgoing, young and interested in the experience of Australia’s summer cultures. Both international and Australians viewers are drawn in by the advertised beauty of the scenery captured during each episode because of all the multicultural nature and Australian cuisine involved, advertising tourism within the country. Nigella is portrayed as a very family orientated and homely person who always enjoys her food and loves to cook. She has a proper upper-class British accent and speaks in a husky, somewhat seductive voice. Nigella is currently in her late thirties and is seen as very sophisticated to her viewers, usually she cooks on her own but once her meal is cooked and ready she shows her serving and sharing the meals with her children and/or all of her family and friends. The way that she describes her ingredients and recipes along with the terminology she uses such as â€Å"stunning†, â€Å"simply beautiful† and â€Å"absolutely gorgeous† makes it sound as if she is in love with what she is making, the endearment and emphasis she puts in makes her so believable and intriguing. Nigella tends to mainly use informal measurements and verbs to describe what she is doing which remind you of how a mother figure would teach you how to cook. Ben and Curtis on the other hand are completely different to Nigella, ‘typical Aussie blokes’ is what they are stereotyped as. Both in their mid-twenties, always wearing informal and comfortable ‘beach clothing’ and using a lot of Australian ‘slang’ such as â€Å"Mate† and â€Å"Chuck it on the barbie† the boys give off a very relaxed and casual feeling to their viewers. The meals that Nigella prepares are heavy winter foods which are more time consuming but are perfect for those who have the time and love to cook. The â€Å"Surfing the Menu† recipes on the other hand are light summer foods that are quick and easy to prepare. Nigella makes sure her cupboards are full of all the different ingredients that she uses and she then gives her viewers an insight of the different things that she likes to always make sure she has stocked, what they can be used for and why they come in handy for her to have around. Curtis and Ben use ingredients that are imported into the local stores such as stir-fry noodles that they cook on an Australian barbeque, along with many other ingredients that they go out and personally collect from the local produce or catch on their own in each episode. As well as collecting their own ingredients from each place they visit, each meal they prepare always relates to the location they’re in making the programme even more entertaining and educational. Typical cooking program camera techniques are used throughout both programs â€Å"Nigella Bites† and â€Å"Surfing the Menu† these techniques include: close-ups on the hands on action with the food preparation, and snap shots throughout the shows that are used to cut out the un-necessary preparation time and skip straight to the cooking, then to the completed meals. To show their personalities and connect with their audience both of the programmes hosts make sure to speak and look directly towards/into the camera whenever possible. â€Å"Surfing the Menu† also uses aerial shots during the car travels to capture the different scenery around them. Highlighted sounds of the cooking appliances and food being prepared are accompanied by soft music underneath throughout each episode in both â€Å"Nigella Bites† and â€Å"Surfing the Menu† to draw more attention to what they are doing. The contrasting features between both â€Å"Nigella Bites† and â€Å"Surfing the Menu† such as; social context, form, purpose, audiences and the atmosphere differ due to the personalities and cooking styles of their hosts. Nigella’s show expresses her love for warm homely meals and cooking for her family and friends during the cold British winters and the programme is filmed as a home movie style, which gives off an inviting comfortable feel to her audience. Curtis and Ben’s show however, reflects on the adventures and experiences of local cultures during the warm Australian summer days and is filmed as a travelogue. Both of the programmes hosts have very similar camera etiquettes and happy/warm, engaging mannerisms.

Dehumanization Night Paper

Since such demutualization happened in the Holocaust, it is a big lesson to be learned an should be avoided in today's society. In the book, a character named Mosher the Beadle tells of his experience after being forced out of the Sighed. In the forest of Galatia near Oklahoma, the demand action starts. As Mosher tries to warn all Of the Jews after his miraculous reappearance he says, â€Å"Each one had to go up to the hole and present his neck. Babies were thrown into the air and t he machine gunners used them as targets† (Wisest 5).They were even forced to dig graves, only to be thrown into the holes as soon as they were done. Yet no one believed that any human could b e capable of omitting such a crime, and they all dismissed him as mad. Little to their UN deerstalking, it would all become so real to them in a matter of time. The second act of demutualization would be Weasel's experience in the Ghetto o. After a few days the Jews were told news of deportation. Day by day, a new street WA s forced out of Gray 2 their homes and into the Ghetto, being transferred to a concentration camp a after that.While they waited in the road to be moved into their new home, they craved nothing but water. In the reading it says, ‘Vide stayed sitting down in the middle of the road, as the the RSI had done the day fore yesterday. There was the same infernal heat. The same thirst. But there e was no longer anyone left to bring us water† (Wisest 14). They were given no water and little food, making it awfully hard for anyone to survive in the heat and all the while they sat guard De by Gestapo.After the horrible experience Wisest had in the Ghetto, only the worst was yet to come. The population of the Ghetto was soon liberated, boarding a train to Auschwitz z. Upon arrival, everyone soon came to the realization of what demutualization really is. One of the first people to figure it out was Lie's father as he said, â€Å"Humanity? Humanity is not concern Ned w ith us, Today anything is allowed. Anything is possible, even these crematories†¦ † (Wi sell 24). While walking throughout the camp, vulgar things such as the burning of children w ere sighted.The prisoners were forced to shave their heads, and a tattoo of a number was Eng raved upon their skin. With that new number, Wisest was no longer known as Lie but as prison ere AH. After going through the showers and the barber, the prisoners were introduced to t heir barracks which consisted of terrible sleeping conditions and little food. A few weeks later, the Jews had to go wrought a â€Å"selection† or survival of the fittest. Whoever was not strong enough h to go on was immediately sent to the crematory and not even given a second chance.If so none was too weak to run, they were not worthy to survive at all. Later on in the story the able prisoners are forced to evacuate from Auschwitz z, having to march many miles without rest and in freezing conditions. If one were t o fall d urinating run, he was immediately eliminated. After awhile, everyone who had survived so far was put on a train Gray 3 to travel to Glitziest. On the train, prisoners are left to fight for something so s all as a crumb of bread. Once arriving at their destination, the dead and weak were left on the t rain.Three days later, everyone went through another selection. Every time someone would a sky an AS Officer for food, they would be struck down by the blow of an object. If someone was day Eng, the other prisoners would steal his ration of bread and soup. No one would help the we AK become strong again. Throughout the entire story, there is a clear theme of demutualization and AR e many reasons why it should not happen again. From beginning with Mosher to the e ND of the war, Jews ere looked down upon and thought to be an unfit race in humanity.When Mosher the Beadle was first evacuated, a turn of events was set in motion. When the Jews were t awaken to the Ghetto, no one knew of what was to come and they thought it was maybe a new begin inning for the Jews. However as they grew closer to the concentration camp, reality began to set I n and everyone became worried. Farther along when they were being evacuated, their number RSI had dwindled and all the remaining prisoners were weakened and worn out. They had been Dee imagined from the first time they stepped out of their houses to begin the long journey through t e war.

Gender Stereotyping in Media Advertisements Essay

The tremendous influence of the media as an important cultural vehicle on the preservation and reinforcement of existing societal norms, beliefs, and behaviors has been under increasing scrutiny from academics, scholars, and feminists in an attempt to understand the code and language within which the media operates and its impacts on various audiences. (Dines, Humez, Hoynes, & Croteau, 2003; Silverstein, Perdue, & Kelly, 1986; Gamble 1997) Lately, there has been a growing concern over the role of the media in helping to maintain the long-standing inequality between sexes in the way that it continues to exploit gender stereotypes overtly as in the case of television programming, to the subliminal messages conveyed by product advertisements, music videos, and other forms of visual entertainment which now include fashion spreads and magazines. (Dines, Humez, Hoynes, & Croteau: 336; Gamble 272) This concern comes amidst allegations that the media, specifically product advertisements, is somehow responsible for the proliferation and reinforcement of unhealthy attitudes and biases against women and women’s bodies, for instance, in warping the definition of physical attractiveness to that of ‘thinness’(Silverstein, Perdue, & Kelly: 519; Gamble 272) and of self-worth to being ‘pretty’ or desired by the male (Dines, Humez, Hoynes, & Croteau: 247). In its many forms, product advertisements, through graphic, in-text, and non-graphic representation, are guilty of exploiting the prevailing societal concepts of femininity and masculinity in their sole objective of increasing demand for the products which translates to increased profit margins. (Wiles, Wiles, & Tjerlund: 35) Product advertisements are also a cause for special concern in that they are easily accessible and are barely constrained by censorship and other legislation. The fact that they are ubiquitous in almost all forms of media—be it print, broadcast, video, and the internet—make them doubly powerful in molding, or warping, the minds of individuals young and old. Dines, Humez, Hoynes, & Croteau (2003) point out, for instance, how â€Å"elements of the pornographic can be located in advertisements,† (p. 336) referring not only to graphic sexual acts or innuendos but to specific representations of female and male constructs and of power relationships between and within these constructs that are seen in advertisements. It is argued that masculinity and femininity are always constructed in the â€Å"conventional† way: that the male is â€Å"bigger, stronger, and has the ability to hurt the women† (Dines, et. al. 336) or in a position of greater power over the women, who are always depicted or associated with the weak, delicate, and passive role. (Gamble 272) In the same manner, women are often portrayed as inferior to men through the use of the following graphic illustrations: â€Å"women appear shorter; men instruct women; women appear to be drifting in deep thought while men? Eyes are focused purposely; and women appear helpless. †(Wiles, Wiles, & Tjerlund, 36) Indeed, one need not look further than the nearest perfume advertisement to see how men and women are portrayed as predator and prey, respectively, signifying the women’s degraded position in the gender stratification. More notable is the apparent absence of ‘others’ in the gender spectrum which may not be totally accepted by societal standards: bisexuals, lesbians, and gays, who barely make it to product advertisements except for those products specifically intended for their market. Furthermore, results of Wiles, Wiles, & Tjerlund’s (1995) study of the portrayal of women in magazines in three countries which include the United States, the Netherlands, and Sweden supported the contention that â€Å"role portrayals presented in magazine advertising depict cultural biases and stereotypes† which tended to portray men in active roles and women as men’s sexual objects or in decorative, passive positions. If art imitates life and culture, this only goes to show the extent to which gender inequality remains as much a challenge to overcome in real, reel, and the simulated world of advertising. Works Cited: Dines, G. , Humez, J. M. M. , Hoynes, D. W. , & D. Croteau. Gender, Race, and Class in Media: A Text Reader. Sage Publications, 2003. Gamble, T. K. & M. W. Gamble, â€Å"Gender and Non-verbal Language. † Contacts: Communicating Interpersonally. Boston, M. A. : Allyn and Bacon, 1997.