I Chose To Analyze The Primary Source Of “The Wonders Of

I chose to analyze the primary source of â€Å"The Wonders of the Invisible World,† written by Cotton Mather. He was born on February 12th of 1663 into a wealthy family of New England Puritan ministers. Cotton Mather started school at the age of twelve at Harvard College. He graduated and chose to become a member of the clergy but was unable to because of a speech impediment. He was able to overcome this however and a number of years later he was ordained in 1685. He became a very revered and influential minister at the time. In addition, he was also considered to be quite progressive in the field of medicine. He also was a renowned writer and published at least 350 written documents. One of these passages was the â€Å"The Wonders of the Invisible†¦show more content†¦The Puritans believed that everything that went wrong with their life, was the work of the Devil. In this document, he depicts the evil spirits as being actually real entities and then tries to justify the horrible acts of cruelty during the trials because of them. He states with a genuine feeling that, â€Å"these our poor Afflicted Neighbors quickly after they become Infected and Infested with these Demons, arrive to a Capacity of Discerning those which they conceive the Shapes of their Troublers; and notwithstanding the Great and Just Suspicion, that the Demons might impose the Shapes of Innocent Persons in their Spectral Exhibitions upon the Sufferers.† He starts off saying that the reason the Devil is angry with his people is that they have encroached unto his lands. That this new world is so unforgiving in nature that it is alike to that of the Devil. Mather states that these lands, â€Å"were once the Devil’s Territories; and it may easily be supposed that the Devil was exceedingly disturbed.† He says this to justify the reason why the Devil is angry w ith the people. Mather’s quote not only claims that the New Englanders of this area are in fact people of God, but more importantly that they are located deep in the Devil’s territory and that the Devil is very displeased these people loyal to Jesus Christ and Christianity. Although it doesn’t seem that farfetched that these people would draw such conclusions so quickly. TheyShow MoreRelatedGay Fathers And Their Children1300 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween lesbian mother and gay father organizations. Rivers’ bases his arguments on an incredible review of historical documents. The listed 683 sources in the bibliography include archival and personal collections, institutional records, interviews conducted by Rivers himself in the spam of a decade, newspapers, magazines, and newsletters as primary sources. The use of personal stories and photographs involves the reader emotionally in the LGBT struggle, and substantiates the narrative. 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Organizational Goals Analysis of The Managerial Role in...

The discussion here will be held around North east based claims company We Can Group. To understand this analysis and what it will hold, we need do define organisation itself and why are they created. As Bratton et al. (2010, p. 279) defines ‘organizations are created to produce goods or services to pursue dominant goals that individuals acting alone cannot achieve.’ As well, this company was created for the same reason, to provide service to customer/consumer. Moreover, services they provide are different from what people usually imagine, but without industry of claims, people would be paying for goods and companies interest in relation to goods, with no possible way to get the interest back. However, like any company in any industry,†¦show more content†¦Therefore, managers have to work towards their staff needs and as Pettinger (2007, p. 8) demonstrates ‘achieving things for people is based on perceptions and understanding of expectations, assurance and permanence which, together with the delivery of good quality products and services, all add up to immediate and enduring confidence.’ By all means, a good manager will always be trying to make everything that is in his power to raise the satisfactory of the staff he is supervising. However, raising the satisfactory of the staff is not the only criteria managers have to raise. In their plan of activity, as in any organisation, there has to be involved profit making. Managers have to be interested in growing the organisational profit and to see the potential of companies growth. Furthermore, organisational profit is not only counted in its revenue. As Pettinger (2007, p. 10) explains, there are a variety of factor in defining the organisational profit and the main is ‘increasing organisational reputation and confidence, as a result of the ways in which products and services are delivered, as well as attention to absolute expectations in meeting product and service volume and quality demands.’ Analysing this statement, we can see that the main focus is to expand the company by detecting the lack of skills in customer service skills and identifying the training which needs to be provided, in order to reach theShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Employee Training And Career Development1134 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Employee Training and Career Development The role of training is based on providing the specific skill sets and operational abilities to increase performance standards for an organization. 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Website Development for YJM Retails †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Website Development for YJM Retails. Answer: Introduction The website development project is an IT project and it would help in forming the operations of the successive project management operations (Breuning et al. 2017, pp-460). The implication of the website development project would help in taking care of the activities of the project. The website development would help in easing the ecommerce development of organization and implication of customer feedback. The YJM Retails had become globalized and it has resulted in requiring the development of ecommerce platform. The deployment of the website development project would be assisted by the implication of the improved operation development. The integration of the project management principles would help in ensuring that the project is completed in the estimated time duration while maintaining the quality. The scope of the project is a part of plan development and it helps in listing all the required deliverables, functions, features, and costs for the project outcomes (Kloppenborg 2014, pp-415). The scope of the project of Website Development for a YJM Retails in SMART form is given below, Specific: The development of the website for the YJM Retails is the final deliverable for the project as the organization wants the implication of the ecommerce operations. Measurable: The overall expected cost estimation for the project was $55,000.00. The expected resource usage should be limited in that estimated budget. Attainable: The project planning documentation, communication planning, risk management assessment, and design development are also the in scope items of the project. All these would help in achievement of the final deliverable for the project which is the website development. Realistic: The deliverable of the project website is the major scope item for the project as it would help the YJM Retails for the development of the final deliverable. Timely: The project is scheduled for running for duration of 45 days and should be completed in the time span of 1st May, 2018 to 3rd July, 2018. Out of scope: Since the project of Website Development for a YJM Retails is a website development project, it is important for achievement of the website IP address and registration of the website. However, the project plan would not involve the time consumed for the registration process and the process of getting IP address approval. The project of Website Development for a YJM Retails is helpful for the organization to spread its ecommerce operations. The project of website development would involve the consideration of the business goal analysis and the strategy improvement for the YJM Retails (Breuning et al. 2017, pp-457). The YJM Retails had required the implication of the ecommerce platform for increasing its sales and operation. The website development would help the organization for forming better sales process and ease of communication with the customers. The completion of the website development is based on the requirements of the organization and the implication of the successive development factors (Todorovi? et al. 2015, pp-781). The analysis had helped in sorting out some of the specific factors that would help in overcoming the probability of the development of the operations. Milestones Schedule and Deliverables The project milestones are the specific activities that would mark the completion of a phase of the project. The milestones of the project of Website Development for a YJM Retails are given below, Project Kick Off: The Project Kick Off is the first milestone of the project and it signifies the completion of the initial phase of the project. The completion of the initial phase of the project ends with the project kick off meeting and after that the project work is initiated. Plan Approval: The plan approval is the second milestone of the project that signifies the completion of the planning phase. The development of the plan requires its approval before implementation and the plan approval milestone marks the start of the design phase. Design Approval: The design approval is third milestone of the project that signifies the completion of the design phase and it marks the starting of the website development operations. The design approval is done after simulation of the design with the help of simulation tools. It would ensure that the design developed is feasible for the project. Development of User Interface: The development of the user interface is another major milestone for the project. The user interface is the main website structure that would show the website display and it marks the start of the programming phase. Website Deployment: The website deployment is the final deliverable for the project as it marks the end of the project activities. The completion of the testing and the implication of the website for the YJM Retails is the final deliverable of the project. Milestone Completion Date Acceptance Criteria Stakeholder Judge Project Kick Off Tue 8th May, 2018 All initiation documents are developed and signed off Project Manager Plan Approval Mon 21st May, 2018 Plan developed is feasible and accepted by team members Project Manager Design Approval Wed 30th May, 2018 Simulation of design provides favourable test results Designer Development of User Interface Fri 8th June, 2018 Developed User Interface matches the criteria of user friendly and have good appearance Software Engineer Website Deployment Mon 25th June, 2018 Deployment of the website is based on the test results of prototyping Tester Project completion Tue 3rd July, 2018 Project activities has been completed Client Initial Risk Identification Risk Assessment is a crucial factor for the deployment of the improved project operations as it helps in dealing with the various factors of risk and form the plan for overcoming the issues and risks of the project (Ramasesh and Browning 2014, pp-203). The risk assessment for the project of Website Development for a YJM Retails is developed for identifying the factors of risk and developing some contingency planning for overcoming the risk factors. The following table would highlight the factors of the risk for the project, Project (Potential) Risks Risk Owner Contingency Plans Design Flaws Designer Using Proper SDLC method for development of the design for the project Database Development Issues Database Administrator Prototyping the database before the development so that the expected outcomes can be predetermined Over budget Budgeter Inclusion of the provisional budget would help in overcoming the shortage of the resources Delay in Website Implementation Planner Inclusion of the expert from outside for the project would help in managing the issues of the website deployment Project Stakeholders The project of Website Development for a YJM Retails is aligned with the major activities of the IT project. The stakeholders of the project are the people that have direct or indirect impact on the operations of the project. They have either high or low impact/power in the project operations. The stakeholder analysis for project is shown below, Stakeholder Interest in Project Priority (High/Medium/Low) Client The client of the project is the YJM Retails for whom the website would be developed and they are the benefactor of the project deliverable. High Investors The investors are responsible for the support of the project investors financially and it would allow help the project team for progressing with the project operations. High Project Manager The project manager is responsible for ensuring that the operations of the project would be completed successfully. Medium Project Team The project team would work for the completion of the activities of the project. Low Resources The resource of the project of Website Development for a YJM Retails is dependent on a number of activities that must be completed for the project. The implication of these resources would help in ensuring that the project would be developed successfully. Funding: The funding of the project is supported by the investors and a specific project budget of $55,000.00 had been set for the completion of the project. People: The project planner, documenter, budgeter, risk analyst, designer, database developer, software engineer, and website developer are the people required for the project. Equipment: The programming tools, designing tools, database tools, system, software installation drive, and Ethernet drive are the equipments required for the project. Other: Principles of project management, documentation, risk analysis, and system development documentation Team Operating Principles # Team operating principle 1 Effective View of team as single entity 2 Willing to learn from each other 3 Two way communication should be followed Lessons Learnt # Lesson 1 Website development plan had been made that can be used for future IT project operations 2 Implementation of the project management principles and techniques 3 Alignment of the operations for supporting the project and system development integration Sign off Sponsor Department / Organization Signature Alex Jones CEO of YJM Retails Alex Jones Project Manager Department / Organization Signature name of the student Project Organization name of the student Core Team Members Department/ Organization Signature Josh Mathews Project Organization Josh Mathews Kate Lawrence Project Organization Kate Lawrence Christie Brooke Project Organization Christie Brooke Bibliography Amin, S., 2014.Capitalism in the age of globalization: The management of contemporary society. Zed Books Ltd.. Badewi, A., 2016. The impact of project management (PM) and benefits management (BM) practices on project success: Towards developing a project benefits governance framework.International Journal of Project Management,34(4), pp.761-778. Breuning, M., Lucius-Hoene, G., Burbaum, C., Himmel, W. and Bengel, J., 2017. Patient experiences and patient centeredness: The website project DIPEx Germany.Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz,60(4), pp.453-461. Fleming, Q.W. and Koppelman, J.M., 2016, December. Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Gemunden, H.G., 2015. Success factors of global new product development programs, the definition of project success, knowledge sharing, and special issues of project management journal.Project Management Journal,46(1), pp.2-11. Gillard, S., 2017. The Human Element Of Project Management.Contemporary Issues in Education Research (Online),10(3), p.185. Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H.R., 2017.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kloppenborg, T., 2014.Contemporary project management. Nelson Education. Layton, M.C. and Ostermiller, S.J., 2017.Agile project management for dummies. John Wiley Sons. Martinelli, R.J. and Milosevic, D.Z., 2016.Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Ramasesh, R.V. and Browning, T.R., 2014. A conceptual framework for tackling knowable unknown unknowns in project management.Journal of Operations Management,32(4), pp.190-204. Todorovi?, M.L., Petrovi?, D.?., Mihi?, M.M., Obradovi?, V.L. and Bushuyev, S.D., 2015. Project success analysis framework: A knowledge-based approach in project management.International Journal of Project Management,33(4), pp.772-783.

Write an analysis of Baz Luhrmans opening sequence of Romeo and Juliet. How does it grab the audiences attention Essay Example For Students

Write an analysis of Baz Luhrmans opening sequence of Romeo and Juliet. How does it grab the audiences attention? Essay In the 1998 production of Romeo and Juliet Baz Luhrmann has caught the attention of the audience from the very beginning of the film. A television screen, media on media; the television screen comes closer and closer towards the viewer; it strikes your attention like a news flash normally would catch one persons eye. The news flash is of a lady (news reporter) saying the prologue. The picture in a little news box with a ring and a dagger in the middle of it, this is iconography so we know straight away this is going to be a love tragedy. This is a clever effect showing that the ring represents love and marriage and the dagger represents hate and storm; we therefore can guess that this is what the story will be about. We will write a custom essay on Write an analysis of Baz Luhrmans opening sequence of Romeo and Juliet. How does it grab the audiences attention? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The prologue is said once again with a powerful and deep voice over reminding one somewhat of a trailer, this makes the viewer look forward for more action, there are gun shots and fighting, and by this we can tell there is war. It reminded me of an action packed James Bond movie! Helicopters are then captured which show seriousness because they are filmed and captured at a fast rate, there are policemen in them with megaphones which only happens when a large crime is committed. Baz Luhrman portrays a world of wealth, wildness, of guns and violence when he shows the two tall towers with each of the familys surname on them. There are head lines flashing up on the screen of the two families arguing, the prologue once again comes up on the screen but in block capitals quickly flashing white on black. Mug shots of both sides of the family come up on the screen and the camera pauses to show us who each of them are. You can see a birds eye view of the city and there is a quick zoom through all the buildings in the street and it stops suddenly around a grand statue of Jesus and a gothic/horror music is played which I think shows that religion is an important part of the story and their lives. With the two tall towers one Montague and the other Capulet the camera zooms in on one tower and then out and then zooms in on the other tower and zooms out and then pictures them together. They are big tall and show that there is a lot of power and wealth in both of the families. More helicopters appear and a birds eye view of the city is shot so we get an idea of the busy life. It also represents the feeling of violence and danger. There is music in the background most of the time. Suddenly the viewers see a lot of traffic and a loud song shouting the boys the boys comes on, there is a quick zoom into the registration plate of a bold yellow, open top truck saying Montagues 005. A line comes up on the screen saying The Montague boys they have bold coloured Hawaii shirts on showing the feeling of heat, the loud music they play portrays their personalities. They seem boisterous, loud and lairy. They pull up into a petrol station and some religious nuns cross their path and they are very disrespectful which shows they are not really religious. They are very immature. A midnight blue, ferocious fast car with the number plate Caps 005. It stops and out gets Tybalt, at this point Benvolio is in the toilet. The car grabs our attention enough but then we see these western metal heeled boots, and hear the noise they make as he walks lets us know that this is not the right guy to mess with and Tybalt has already created a macho scary character for himself. He steps and twists his boots on the wooden match and it crumbles to pieces and I thought that represented strength. The camera starts from his shoes and works his way up so we can see exactly what he is wearing. He has a very Latino look, he is dark and very mysterious looking, hes wearing a black waist coat with a very big red picture of Jesus, they way he is dressed reminds me of the mafia, dark, religious, sinful and unemotional The music changes and it was very western. Baz Luhrman has made it so that their clothes, the way they speak and the music that is played portrays each familys personaliti es and they create the atmosphere. The Capulets have a muscular look and very stereotypical bad guy outfits on. .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b , .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b .postImageUrl , .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b , .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b:hover , .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b:visited , .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b:active { border:0!important; } .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b:active , .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udbbb1fd67000d437a3433681d5efca9b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Coursework On An Inspector Calls EssayI think Baz has made the two families look and act differently to make them very different and divided and have nothing in common with each other. As if they have nothing at all in common, they are worst enemies. Abram gets out of the car and growls, his teeth made of expensive platinum and has Sin engraved on them ad he says Peace, I hate the word this shows he is hard, masculine. He then says boo and starts laughing, as if boo would scare the Montagues! There is a lot of slapstick comedy through out the beginning, I think Luhrmann has used humour to break up the intensity, the old lady in the back of the car is hitting one of the Mon tagues with her hand bag and he sitting there taking it and suddenly bursts and gets his gun out. The fighting starts and they pull out huge golden guns. The film pauses as the camera zooms in to state the name of the gun which is named long sword, once again Luhrmann has used humour, making the film more modern by replacing real life long swords with 20th century hand pistols he has stuck to the original Shakespeare script where the words long swords are used but taking it to a further extreme. The guns are big and at this point they are shooting and this grabs our attention again. The camera slows down to show the tension between Tybalt and Benvolio, close ups are effective because it causes tension and both characters are shown equally. Tybalt takes a shot and the bullet ricochets and hits the petrol station sign Add more fuel to your fire I think this grabbed our attention because the set of the petrol station is very effective, it gives us the idea or feeling of flammable which may being trying to represent their emotions towards either side. It makes more tension, drama and a sense of danger to the viewers. As the Montagues leave, Tybalt in an old fashioned way quickly gets down on both knees and is praying with both hands together. He opens up his jacket and the horror movie music comes on and a close up of Jesus on his waistcoat is shown, and like in an old movie he reaches for his gun, kisses it and aims for the Montagues we then see a target pointing to them, this makes the effect of an assassination like the famous public killing of J.F Kennedy maybe. He then, in a petrol station, throws his cigarette out of his mouth which is a bad idea and he starts a fire, the music then comes on again as the whole petrol station is burning. We then see a poster on the wall being burnt saying Montagues Vs Capulets. This shows that this is real war. We see rage, the whole city getting involved, helicopters, the viewers begin to feel this tension and feel part of what is going on. Baz Luhrman grabs the audiences attention by using a different contrast of music and linking the different genres in t o characterisation. We can tell that these boys have power and they must be well known for their hatred towards each other if there are posters on the wall. The fire shows how their hatred burns and they are then stopped by the police and asked to put their long swords down. Baz Luhrman has used few Shakespeare words and has made this interpretation more of a modern one, more action packed, exciting and enjoyable for todays audience. His colourful and exciting version of a classic love tragedy with its fast editing and special effects has successfully brought us in to the 20th century.

Strategies for Teaching Writing to Elementary Students

Strategies for Teaching Writing to Elementary Students One of our most important tasks has is to introduce their young students to the written language and how to use it creatively and effectively in order to communicate. Whether you teach primary or upper elementary grades, your administrator is counting on you to teach your students to quantifiably improve in writing this school year. Here are a few effective teaching strategies to try out in your classroom implement a few or try them all. 1. Writing Instruction Doesnt Have To Be Intimidating   For You Or The Students Many educators find teaching writing a real challenge. Sure there are all the rules of grammar and punctuation, but outside of those boundaries, there are as many stories to be told as there are people in the world. How do we corral our students enthusiasm and creative minds so that their writing is coherent, engaging, and purposeful? 2. A Strong Beginning Is Crucial Then Move Onto The Basics Start by teaching your students how to write a strong beginning to their stories. With this skill in hand, your students will then be ready to learn about the importance of word choice and avoiding boring, flat, overused words. 3. More Advanced Descriptive Techniques Dont Have To Be Hard To Teach Even the youngest elementary school students will enjoy trying their hand at tongue twisters. And what do tongue twisters have to do with writing? Well, its an easy way to introduce the concept of alliteration. Achoo! Slam! Kaboom! Not only do children love sound effects, but they come to the classroom with a strong familiarity with this subject. Sound effects add power and imagery to writing, and not to mention its easy to teach students how to appropriately use this skill to kick their writing up a notch. 4. Writing Applications You Might Not Have Considered Obviously, writing enters into all aspects of human life, especially nowadays in the age of the Internet and email. Use a pen pal program to teach your students how to effectively communicate with their peers in letter format. Its an invaluable skill and a dying art. Or, try practice letter-writing and compile weekly parent newsletters all in one fell swoop! Thats another time-saver that practices writing skills at the same time. Another important aspect of language arts is oral communication and listening skills. Through this easy and fun impromptu speeches lesson, your students will write a speech, perform it out loud, and practice listening to each other. 5. A Well-Rounded Writing Curriculum Is Within Your Grasp These real life, classroom-tested  writing lessons  are proven, fun, and easy-to-implement. With practice and diligence, you will watch your students writing soar and improve daily. Edited by  Janelle Cox

The Partnership of Venturi Scott Brown

The Partnership of Venturi Scott Brown Denise Scott Brown (born October 3, 1931 in Africa) and Robert Venturi (born June 25, 1925 in Philadelphia, PA) are known for smart urban designs and architecture steeped in popular symbolism. Kitsch becomes art in designs which exaggerate or stylize cultural icons. When they met and married, Denise Scott Brown had already made important contributions to the field of urban design. Through her work as an urban planner and her collaboration with Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates Inc. (VSB), she has brought the artifacts of popular culture into the realm of architecture and has shaped our understanding of the relationship between design and society. Robert Venturi is known for turning architecture on its head by exaggerating historical styles and incorporating cultural icons into the building design. For example, the Childrens Museum of Houston is built with the basic Classical characteristics- columns and pediment- but they are playfully exaggerated to appear cartoonish. Likewise, the Bank Building in Celebration, Florida has the stately form of the J.P. Morgan Co. Building, the iconic fortress on Wall Street in New York City. Yet, as designed by Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, theres a playful retro look that more resembles a 1950s-era gas station or hamburger restaurant. Venturi was one of the first modern architects who embraced this playful (some say sarcastic) architecture that became known as postmodernism. VSB, based in Philadelphia, PA, has long been recognized for much more than Postmodernist designs. The firm completed more than 400 projects, each uniquely suited to the special needs of the clients. The couple is highly educated individually. Scott Brown was born to Jewish parents in Nkana, Zambia and raised in a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. She attended the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg (1948-1952), the Architectural Association in London, England (1955), and then went on to the University of Pennsylvania to earn a Master of City Planning (1960) and a Master of Architecture (1965). Venturi started out closer to his Philadelphia roots, graduating summa cum laude from Princeton University (1947 A.B. and 1950 MFA) in nearby New Jersey. He then ventured to Rome, Italy to study as a Rome Prize Fellow at the American Academy (1954-1956). Early in his architectural career, Venturi worked for Eero Saarinen, and then in the Philadelphia offices of Louis I. Kahn and Oscar Stonorov. He partnered with John Rauch from 1964 until 1989. Since 1960 Venturi and Scott Brown collaborated as  founding partners of Venturi, Scott Brown Associates. For decades Brown has directed the firms urban planning, urban design, and campus planning work. Both are licensed architects, planners, authors, and educators, yet it was Venturi alone who was awarded the Pritzker Prize in 1991, a contentious honor that many have decried as sexist and unjust. In 2016 the pair together was awarded the highest honor bestowed by the  American Institute of Architects- the AIA Gold Medal. Since retiring, Venturi and Brown are archiving their work at venturiscottbrown.org. Selected Projects: 1964: The Vanna Venturi House, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania- designed in 1962; named one of the Ten Buildings That Changed America in 2013.1968: Fire Station No. 4, Columbus, IN1970s: Preservation planning for historic districts in Galveston, Texas and Miami Beach, Florida1971: Trubek-Wislocki Houses, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts1972: Brant House, Greenwich, Connecticut1975: Tucker House, Katonah, New York1976: Allen Art Museum Addition, Oberlin, Ohio1976: House in Tuckers Town, Bermuda1980s: City plan for downtown Memphis, Tennessee1983: Gordon Wu Hall, Princeton, New Jersey1990s: Master plan and schematic design for the Denver Civic Center Cultural Complex,  Denver, Colorado1990s: Campus plans for Dartmouth College and the University of Pennsylvania1991: Sainsbury Wing, National Gallery, London, UK1991: Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Washington1996: Sun Trust Bank, Celebration, Florida1997: Mielparque Nikko Kirifuri (resort hotel), Nikko, Japan2008: Chapel, Episcopa l Academy, Newtown Square, PA Learn More: Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture by Robert VenturiIn this groundbreaking book, published in 1966, Robert Venturi challenged modernism and celebrated the mix of historic styles in great cities like Rome.Learning from Las Vegas by Robert Venturi, Steven Izenour, and Denise Scott Brown, 1972Subtitled The Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form this postmodernist classic called the vulgar billboards of the Vegas Strip emblems for a new architecture. The controversial book presented the idea that architects could learn important lessons in design from commercial art and casino ads.Architecture as Signs and Systems for a Mannerist Time by Venturi Scott Brown, Harvard University Press, 2004AA Words 4: Having Words by Denise Scott Brown, Architectural Association, 2009A Difficult Whole: A Reference Book on the Work of Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown by Architecture Without Content, 2016 Famous Robert Venturi Quote: Less is a bore.- Rejecting the simplicity of modernism and responding to the Mies van der Rohe dictum, Less is more

Imperialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Imperialism - Essay Example Like many other terms in the popular lexicon, imperialism is one that finds its use in bolstering the emotional appeals of populist arguments. Rarely are the words â€Å"imperial† or â€Å"imperialism† found in rational debate about political life and moral obligations; this is because these terms have grown to adopt connotations that hold purely emotional value for those who use them. That is, an accusation of imperialism is an accusation of civic viciousness: the will to destroy native cultures and to bind indigenous populations commercially to Western capitalism, itself an enslaving and demeaning force in the world, according to the worldviews of those of who use â€Å"imperialism† as an all-encompassing emotional plea. However, the meaning of the term is quite different from how it is used in public discourse, reflecting a changing philosophical attitude of the history from which the world has seemingly emerged and actually causing a fundamental misunderstand ing of one’s own social history in which â€Å"imperialism† referred to something concrete and not just purely theoretical. Regardless of what imperialism means to most people who use the word in common speak, its actual historical definition is quite clear: it is the belief in empire-building, the policy of extending the rule or influence of a country over other countries or colonies (Schurmann). As such, a belief is not a terrible thing in the world; it is only a mental idea, much like the idea of murdering someone ought not to be a crime. Of course, this belief in empire-building can, in some cases, be inspired by a best-intentions philosophy: that it is the moral duty of strong, capitalist nations to bring their way of life to primitive, warn-torn cultures in order to modernize these groups. This belief, known as the White Man’s Burden, has become associated with Eurocentric racism and the Eurocentric aspiration to dominate the

Compare & Contrat (ancient) greece &rome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Compare & Contrat (ancient) greece &rome - Essay Example There are lot of similarities and differences between these two ancient civilizations. This paper briefly explains the similarities and differences between these two great civilizations of all time. Both Greek and Rome civilizations originated in cities. Greece was situated near the coastal area whereas Rome was located in the geographical middle of a generally north-south plain bordered on the east with mountains and on the west by the sea (Comparisons Between the Ancient Greeks and Romans) Both the ancient Romans and the Greeks enjoyed recreational activities a lot. Many of the sports and games at present are the modifications of the ancient Greek and Rome recreational activities. For example the current form of wrestling and boxing has originated from these civilizations. In fact these civilizations can be considered as the originators of recreational activities in the world. Ancient Greeks were succeeded in inventing Olympic Games for the recreational purpose. Every city in Greece and Rome had at least one gym during this period. Both the civilizations were well aware of the need of physical workouts to keep the health intact. Moreover, the women community also had their own ways of recreation. Music, drama, dance, and poetry were some of the common items among the women community for recreational purposes during this period (Ancient Greece) The Flavian Amphitheater or Colosseum Was Erected by Flavian Emperors in Rome for recreational activities during this period. The purpose of the Colosseum was to provide entertainment to the public and the Roman emperors.  The games included were gladiatorial contests, wild-beast hunts, and reenactment of battles the Romans had fought. Collosseums were constructed in oval shape in order to give all the spectators a clear view of what was going on inside. The modern construction technology of modern football grounds can be attributed to the

Tree Plantation Essay Example for Free

Tree Plantation Essay Introduction: Since the dawn of civilization man has a close relation with nature. Man has made friendship with nature. Nature helps us in many ways. Similarly trees are closely related with our life. They are our friends. They play an important role in our life and economy. Proper place for plantation: In Bangladesh June and July are the best time for tree plantation. Bangladesh is a lower riparian country. So, Upper levels are the best suitable places to plant trees. Sea beaches and low lying unused lands can be used for tree plantation. There are many roads and highways in our country. We can plant trees on the both sides of these roads and highways. Again in the villages there are many proper places which can be used for tree plantation. The sides and areas that are lying unused can be used too. Our role to make the tree plantation program effective: Tree plantation program should be expanded to the remote corner of the country. The officers connected with this program should take proper steps and needful measures to make it a success. They should try to make it popular all over the country. Most of the people of our village are illiterate. They have no knowledge about the importance of trees. Attempt should be made to make them aware of the importance of trees. Role of trees for our living: Without oxygen we cannot live for a moment even. Without oxygen, the animal world will die away. Trees make the oxygen and spread it in the air. While inhaling air we take the oxygen with it into our bodies and live in life. Carbon dioxide makes our atmosphere or rather our environment poisonous for us. Trees consume this carbon dioxide and thereby make our environment safe for us. Trees provide us with furniture: Trees are our constant companies in our day to day life. We use them for various purposes. We cannot think of our homes, houses, residence etc, without trees. We use trees to make furniture, windows and doors for our domestic use. Again valuable furniture is made from these trees. We also sell some of the valuable furniture to foreign countries. Trees provide us with food and vitamins: Trees are a great source of food and vitamins. There are various kinds of fruit trees. They give us various kinds of fruits which are rich in food value and vitamins. They meet up our need and keep our body fit and sound. Again we export fruits to many other countries and earn a lot of foreign exchange. Its impact on climate: Trees bear a great impact on the climate. If we destroy trees at random, one day the country will turn into a great desert. The country will bear the consequences of green house effect. Again there will be no rain and as a result the country will face a great crisis because ours is an agricultural country. And our economy is dependent on agriculture. Again our agriculture is dependent on rain. So trees play a vital role on our climate. Trees also save us from flood and many other natural calamities. Conclusion: It is needless to speak the importance of trees. It is not possible to describe the importance and uses of trees in words. They are part and parcel in our day to day life. We cannot think of our existence without them. So, we should not use and destroy trees at random. Rather we should plant more trees for a better, happier and healthier life.

Y2K Bug :: essays research papers

THE YEAR TWO-THOUSAND BUG   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is the world going to end at the year, two-thousand because of the Y2K computer virus? Absolutely not. The Y2K bug might cause a little bit of disorder with our digital-life when the clock strikes twelve because we might not have any stock market, electricity, or savings in the bank.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In every mainframe and super-computer, that most every large business owns, there is a little glitch when it tries to compute the year two-thousand. It simply is unable to do so because it has a two digit year entry. The computer is unable to set the first two numbers in the date because in computer does not need to because the computer code in the software says it is always the twentieth century or 19--. If it is not corrected by the time the year two-thousand rolls around, the computer will read: 01/01/1900.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So, what does all this mean to me? Well, when the monthly heating bill comes, the computer will think the heat was on for ninety-nine years because it cycles back to 1900. Let me put this way, if the normal bill is $75 for December, then it will be $89,175! The same goes for the electric bill and telephone but only if the phone is being used between 1999 and 2000. In my personal opinion, the Y2K bug will not have any effect because everything will be fixed up and ready to run properly by the deadline. Maybe I’m just a little to dependent and taking these enterprises for granted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other hand, there are numerous companies making a huge profit on this potential crisis. Software tycoons are making fortunes for selling software that makes people’s personal computers Y2K equipped. The thing is, that PC’s do not use dates as often and are not nearly as important to them as large to corporations because I have already stated in paragraph two and three. An even worse fact, is that most PC’s are already Y2K compliant so the software is totally non-essential for it to adjust! PC’s just need a few â€Å"tweaks† in the settings to make them ready.

Argument For School Uniform Essay

School uniform is an integral part of school life. School uniform should not be banned, because of finances. Our financial circumstances can have great affect, and more often than not, those with less money and therefore less desirable clothes are frequently subjected to various forms of prejudice and discrimination, exclusion and even ostracism, especially in schools. Wearing less expensive less fashionable clothes, different clothing from everyone else creates division, which school uniform can avoid. To be set apart and look different, in any way from everybody else almost certainly makes people targets for bullying, especially in schools. Young children who do not know the effect of bullying will always pick on the child who does not look the same as them, which could be very traumatic for the child who is on the receiving end. Exclusion is just one result of wearing different clothes and therefore looking different. Having a school uniform will mean that everyone looks the same, and as a result it will prevent all of the aforementioned possibilities from happening. In addition, a sense of common identity is very important to any type of organisation, and the fact that this is especially true in schools cannot be stressed enough. It creates a better, happier working atmosphere and working environment, and introduces harmony into a group. Looking the same by wearing a uniform and thus gaining a feeling of belonging to a set ‘society’, encourages better relationships and friendships. Without uniform, a large split can occur between groups of people who look different from each other. Not having a uniform would mean that some people are noticeably â€Å"not in† the group but are â€Å"outsiders†. People use uniform as a way of showing everyone else that they are a formed group, separate from another group. A uniform for everyone would avoid this. Furthermore, school uniform is important for identifying the school, either  for criticism or for praise. Praise will show how well the school is doing in many different aspects and will allow teachers to see their success. Criticism too is just as important and necessary as praise because it allows things to improve. Constructive criticism is helpful in improving matters in most situations. Also, because school uniform allows you to easily identify someone as a student of a specific school, if someone from another school physically or verbally abuses you, you would be able to take the situation into your own hands if you knew where to find them, and contact the headmaster or mistress of the school and inform them of their pupils’ behaviour. Similarly, another point is safety on school trips. Since school uniform is a practical method of identification it is good for safety on school trips. If a student goes missing on a school trip, their uniform would guarantee they could be easily seen as a pupil who attends their particular school and found. In conclusion, I feel that school uniform should not be banned, no matter what. Although there are many arguments and opposing views that are of the opinion that school uniform is not a good idea, they are definitely not strong enough to convince me so that I alter my opinion. Uniform not only avoids unnecessary and sometimes harmful situations from happening (such as bullying and discrimination), but also encourages smartness so that pupils do not turn up at school wearing inappropriate clothing. It is an extremely important part of school.

Analysis of Language Essay

â€Å"Keyed in† published by Internet blogger Voxi is a persuasive article regarding the technological boom being experienced by not only today’s youth but by society in general. Published on May 23, 2009 on website Ctrl Alt â€Å"Keyed in† Voxi, contends that society and its members should herald the implementation of new technology and welcome it with open arms, contrasting the internet with great historical discoveries such as Darwinism and the reorganisation of the cosmos. The title itself has a double meaning, the first and most obvious of which is the literal keyboard associated with technology and the second refers to those who are keyed in to an ever-changing society and willing to move with it as opposed to be left behind. The article begins with a non-confrontational tone however throughout Voxi begins to show a more compelling tone. Accompanying Voxi’s article is a picture of a human head withholding a microchip that projects multiple layers, th e main point of this is to make the reader think about how technology has been embedded into the core of society and implemented into every layer of the world today. Voxi’s contention is pro digital technology and is this is strategically withheld until the 5th paragraph so that readers will read on, curious of the writers contention Voxi continuously simplifies and exemplifies his arguments through metaphoric language, allowing for readers to fully comprehend his opinion whilst addressing the additional attention required. By contrasting people who embrace technology with â€Å"the grit [of] an oyster†, readers are initially made to regard individuals who accept change as stubborn, unwanted members of society. However Voxi diverts this analogy, positively presenting these â€Å"gritty people† by explaining how oysters â€Å"produce pearls†. Readers are allowed to distinguish the relationship between the beauty of pearls, with the accomplishments of those who wish to make â€Å"things better†, evoking gratitude towards these individuals who â€Å"ask questions†. Through the inclusion of television series â€Å"The Inventors†, Voxi aims his opinion piece towards those who enjoy witnessing the progression of technology into exciting ventures. By correlating the â€Å"gritt y people† with individuals who eventually enter the show, Voxi aspires to present readers with members of  society who wish to improve quality of life. As readers witness the potential benefits of change in their lives, they feel inclined to accept the alterations in all forms, including technology. Voxi introduces readers to the concept of beneficial change prior to his contention of digital technology being a great opportunity for humanity, as a way of creating susceptibility within readers towards accepting alterations in life. The writer promotes the â€Å"digital revolution† through a quick succession of psychological benefits, in that humans will â€Å"solve the riddles of the universe, find cures faster [and] find ways of preserving the planet†. By presenting a promising future, readers are encouraged to embrace such hope and reject the â€Å"boundaries of darkness†. Through using the comical term â€Å"homo supersapien†, Voxi introduces readers to a more relaxed aspect of his opinion piece, using a less eccentric tone to formulate the possibility of an advanced race of humans. The writer further explains how this superior human species will be capable of â€Å"ending war and violence†, exciting readers to the prospect of world peace. By expressing an aspect of world culture wished by all members of society, Voxi instruments his argument to appeal to reader’s humanity. However Voxi also notes to include the flaws in his argument, through the inclusion of a podcast which consist of the negative attributes associated with technology, such as â€Å"the digital world is a world†¦where nothing has meaning†. The podcast itself is efficient through repetitive language in â€Å"a world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  so as to emphasise the significance of technology on society. By demonstrating that he is unbiased towards the subject, the writer positions readers to be more accepting of his contention as they are exposed to both aspects of the debate, and so are allowed to establish an opinion on the issue themselves. By revealing both facets of the dilemma, Voxi gains readers trust as they are not mislead or withheld from information. The fear of privacy invasion is also addressed, in that Voxi offers relatively simple solutions to an initially complex problem. As a major concern in the development of technology is privacy issues, Voxi explains how â€Å"you can protest† and â€Å"get them removed† if worried. By confronting the  issue and proposing an answer reader’s trust in the writer is reinforced, as he has for the second time confronted a flaw in his argument. Voxi capitalises on this technique by proceeding to include the rhetorical question, â€Å"why wouldn’t you want it in your life?†, so as to impose a one-directional response from readers who proceed to feel pressured to comply with the writer’s contention. Voxi repeats this methodology when addressing the concerns of older readers, when he asks â€Å"What’s there to be afraid of?†. By yielding no obvious response, these individuals are inclined to consider Voxi’s answer and consequently accept it. The writer alters the form of writing to be more personal, by noting that â€Å"hot air balloons are always†¦looking into my windows too†. This is so as to subdue reader concerns for safety in light of technological advancements, by reminding them that he too is an ordinary member of society. By expressing his contempt attitude towards the risk involved with â€Å"digital revolution†, concerned readers are comforted and are less inclined to oppose the writer. Voxi later described individuals who reject technology as â€Å"losers†, implementing a direct attack on people who oppose his contention. Such action is done so as to direct readers to feel part of the majority, playing on the instinctual desire of humans to belong. The strategic placement of this assault at the conclusion of the opinion piece, infers that this last technique is aimed towards readers who are yet to comply with the writer’s argument. Through both inclusive and attacking language, the writer evokes compliance from readers, by allowing them to relate to him and feel pressured to accept the contention. By including flaws the writer gains reader support as they are not mislead and denied information, further reinforcing the argument that the â€Å"digital revolution† should be embraced, and without it you won’t be â€Å"in touch and connected†.

Free Essays on Discipline Alternatives To Punishment

, punishment reinforces poor self-images, and this often leads to more self-destructive behavior. Discipline alternatives, on the other hand, can be effective if used as part of an overall positive approach or treatment plan. Effective discipline alternatives improve children's self-images, and lead to more self-fulfilling behavior (Pearce, 1). Significance of Issue More than 125,000 of America's youth were in custody in nearly 3,500 public and private juvenile correctional facilities across the nation (Snyder). The majority of youth enter correctional facilities with a broad range of intense educational, mental health, medical, and social needs. Large numbers of incarcerated juveniles are marginally literate or illiterate and have experienced school failure and retention (Center on Crime, Communities, and Culture, 24). These youth are also disproportionately male, poor, minority, and have significant learning and/or behavioral problems that entitle them to special education and related services. Because education is critical to rehabilitation for troubled youth, it is considered the "foundation for programming in most juvenile institutions". Helping youth acquire educational skills is also one of the most effective approaches to the prevention of delinquency and the reduction of recurring crime. Literacy skills are essential to meet the demands of a complex, high-tech world in ... Free Essays on Discipline Alternatives To Punishment Free Essays on Discipline Alternatives To Punishment "Discipline Alternatives to Punishment" Introduction Discipline alternatives are the positive methods of procedure or practices which child and youth workers use to control or correct inappropriate behavior. There is sufficient evidence to indicate that punishment, one form of discipline, is not an effective technique to use with troubled youth (Krueger, 102). Punishment may provide immediate control in some situations, but over time, it usually leads to more severe behavior patterns than the ones the user was trying to correct. In other words, punishment reinforces poor self-images, and this often leads to more self-destructive behavior. Discipline alternatives, on the other hand, can be effective if used as part of an overall positive approach or treatment plan. Effective discipline alternatives improve children's self-images, and lead to more self-fulfilling behavior (Pearce, 1). Significance of Issue More than 125,000 of America's youth were in custody in nearly 3,500 public and private juvenile correctional facilities across the nation (Snyder). The majority of youth enter correctional facilities with a broad range of intense educational, mental health, medical, and social needs. Large numbers of incarcerated juveniles are marginally literate or illiterate and have experienced school failure and retention (Center on Crime, Communities, and Culture, 24). These youth are also disproportionately male, poor, minority, and have significant learning and/or behavioral problems that entitle them to special education and related services. Because education is critical to rehabilitation for troubled youth, it is considered the "foundation for programming in most juvenile institutions". Helping youth acquire educational skills is also one of the most effective approaches to the prevention of delinquency and the reduction of recurring crime. Literacy skills are essential to meet the demands of a complex, high-tech world in ...

New Year Wishes From the Arts and More

New Year Wishes From the Arts and More When the clock strikes twelve on December 31st, people all over the world cheer and wish each other a very happy New Year. For some, this event is no more than a change of a calendar. For others, the New Year symbolizes the beginning of a better tomorrow. So, if you look forward to a good year ahead, spread happiness with these wonderful New Year wishes. Irish toastIn the New Year, may your right hand always be stretched out in friendship, never in want. Minnie L. HaskinsAnd I said to the man who stood at the gate of the year: Give me a light that I may tread safely into the unknown. And he replied: Go out into the darkness and put your hand into the hand of God. That shall be to you better than light, and safer than a known way. Movie: When Harry Met Sally, Harry BurnsAnd I love that you are the last person I want to talk to before I go to sleep at night. And its not because Im lonely, and its not because its New Years Eve. I came here tonight because when you realize you want to spend the rest of your life with somebody, you want the rest of your life to start as soon as possible. Edith Lovejoy PierceWe will open the book. Its pages are blank. We are going to put words on them ourselves. The book is called Opportunity and its first chapter is New Years Day. Charles DickensA merry Christmas to everybody! A happy New Year to the world! Sydney SmithResolve to make at least one person happy every day, and then in ten years you may have made three thousand, six hundred and fifty persons happy, or brightened a small town by your contribution to the fund of general enjoyment. AnonymousYour Merry Christmas may depend on what others do for you. But your Happy New Year depends on what you do for others. William Makepeace ThackerayCertain corpuscles, denominated Christmas Books, with the ostensible intention of swelling the tide of exhilaration, or other expansive emotions, incident upon the exodus of the old and the inauguration of the New Year. Aisha ElderwynEvery new year people make resolutions to change aspects of themselves they believe are negative. A majority of people revert back to how they were before and feel like failures. This year I challenge you to a new resolution. I challenge you to just be yourself. F. M. Knowles, A Cheerful Year BookHe who breaks a resolution is a weakling; He who makes one is a fool. G. K. ChestertonThe object of a new year is not that we should have a new year. It is that we should have a new soul. John Greenleaf WhittierWe meet todayTo thank Thee for the era done,And Thee for the opening one T. S. EliotFor last years words belong to last years language and next years words await another voice. And to make an end is to make a beginning. Emily MillerThen sing, young hearts that are full of cheer,With never a thought of sorrow;The old goes out, but the glad young yearComes merrily in tomorrow Martin LutherGlory to God in highest heaven,Who unto man His Son hath given;While angels sing with tender mirth,A glad new year to all the earth Walter ScottEach age has deemed the newborn yearThe fittest time for festal cheer Benjamin FranklinBe always at war with your vices, at peace with your neighbors, and let each New Year find you a better man. Edgar A. GuestA happy New Year! Grant that IMay bring no tear to any eyeWhen this New Year in time shall endLet it be said Ive played the friend,Have lived and loved and labored here,And made of it a happy year. William Arthur WardThis bright new year is given meTo live each day with zestTo daily grow and try to beMy highest and my best! Ella Wheeler WilcoxWhat can be said in New Year rhymes,Thats not been said a thousand times?The new years come, the old years go,We know we dream, we dream we know.We rise up laughing with the light,We lie down weeping with the night.We hug the world until it stings,We curse it then and sigh for wings.We live, we love, we woo, we wed,We wreathe our prides, we sheet our dead.We laugh, we weep, we hope, we fear,And thats the burden of a year. Charles LambOf all sound of all bells, the most solemn and touching is the peal which rings out the Old Year.

Design Principles and Applications Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Design Principles and Applications - Assignment Example A client brief is, therefore, a rough draft or sketch of the project design that the architect uses in making sure that the client’s preference in designing is not compromised or lost completely. Generally, clients’ make their requirements list to be met by the architect without much professional information and they are usually faulty but not always a waste of time. Client-oriented designers and architects always consider having the clients requirements incorporated in the final design. The need for the client brief is to ensure that the project is clearly thought out between the client and the architect, with reflections, information, budgeting, and assessments easily facilitated for the project. Involvement of the client makes sure that discontent is eliminated at the earliest possible instance and clarifications sought well enough to facilitate the development of a good design. In this case, Moulton College will be required to submit a client brief which does not necessarily have to be very complicated. Enough information and detail should be availed of the design requirements for the farm manager’s house. To ensure that the designers’ ideas based on professional principles are in congruence with the clients’ needs and specifications, the clients’ are assisted by the designers in understanding some design concepts. While it is not possible to have all clients’ needs incorporated due to some technicalities, some requirements may be useful in the design when the designer understands them. â€Å"Firming up the brief† involves the understanding of the clients’ specifications in the design work. Communication and effectiveness of the client brief are faced by some challenges which both the client and architect should be prepared for in case they arose. Designers and architects have a higher propensity to ignore and assume the input of a client in the design.  

TEAM PROCESSES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TEAM PROCESSES - Essay Example As a part of customer service, it was required to assist the customers to select the merchandize and offer them suitable products as per their needs. In terms of handling the complaints of the customers, the role had to comply with the company policies of no refund but only exchange. Thus the entire team was dynamic in its work functions with specific purpose of adhering to the company policies and in maintaining the overall profitability of the retail business. This was achieved through improved customer service that played the role of attracting the customers time and again to the retail store. A situation was encountered when the customer wanted a refund of money due to the non-receipt of a free product that was offered with the product. It was found that the stock of the free product was depleted in the retail store for which it could not be provided while selling the primary product to the customer. However, the customer had a non-negotiable approach on his demand. This created an undesired situation which occurred due to lack of effective communication and non-fulfillment of roles and responsibilities of the team. Analysis of team activity: overall effectiveness, limitations, challenges, interactions with other teams The analysis of the overall effectiveness of the team activity has been given below. The activities in the retail sales in the store demand healthy interaction of the different functions of the retail sales. The spontaneous interactions lead to strong co-ordination between the teams and its members. Due to exchange of information, the areas of concern within the team could be addressed. The experience encountered was solely due to lack of co-ordination among the team members and non-availability of updated information on the product sold to the customer. The non-availability of stock of the free offerings with the product was not communicated to the sales person by the store manager who did not inform the same to the customer. The customer af ter buying the product checked later on to find that the free offer was not packed with the sold item by the retail store. This created a sense within the customer of being cheated. For this reason, the customer wanted a refund from the store as the contract of buying and selling was breached by the retail store. This shows the limitations of overall effectiveness of the retail business in dealing with their customers. This is a challenge faced by the team as the there was no free exchange of information. The integral function of the retail store is an aggregation of the individual retail functions (Brannick,  Salas and  Prince, 1997). The communication with other teams is thus important for delivering effective customer service and in sustaining the profitability of their business. Key recommendations for improvement In order to deal with such situation in the future, the key recommendations for improvement of the retail operations are given below. There should be respect among the team members for each other and they should be aligned to overall retail sales activity. The alignment of the roles towards common interest of the overall work of retail sales triggers action from the individual roles that are aimed to make the system error free. In this experience in retail sales, the team members should have exchanged information on

Argument essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Argument - Essay Example This is therefore quite unfair more so for the â€Å"less genius† children who desire to further their education in a bid attain diplomas and degrees. It is, however, worth noting that due to the hardness and difficulty of the exam, people studying in China have become more smart and innovative since it increases the children’s thinking capacity. In U.S, however, education system is based on student’s abilities and talents. Equally important, studying in the US to gives me the chance expand my horizon since it gives me a wide pool of opportunities more so when it comes to the job market. By learning in the US, I have been able to learn numerous things in life that I could not have imagined or done if I had decided to learn in China. The US is among the most developed countries, and it possess a highly innovative and technologized systems across its various industries. Studying in America therefore enables me to gather the knowledge needed to operate these systems and thus subsequently expanding my horizon. However, I think one can also expand their horizon while learning in China too since China is equally highly industrialized and technologized. Conclusively, I am for the opinion that studying in the US is a good idea since it has numerous advantages and opportunities. In fact, I think that studying in the US enables me to interact with people of various diversities thus enabling me to have a diverse mind. Therefore, I recommend that other educational systems, the Chinese education system to be precise, to follow the American example. I also think that studying in the US increases my chances of attaining high level education from well-established universities, since I can learn numerous new concepts due to diversity. Therefore, I think every person who has the will and ability to study in the US should take that opportunity without a moment of

Health Risk Of Cell Phones

Health Risk Of Cell Phones The cellular phone is a pervasive technology that has evolved from a luxury item justified only by the rich businessman to a necessity to some and an addiction to others. According to Portio Research Limited approximately 4.344 billion cell phones are in use globally. Since the latter part of 2008 one fifth of households in the United States have chosen this technology as their sole method of voice communication, replacing traditional landline telephones. Source: Fram, (2009). A 2009 Marist Poll found that 87% of U.S. residents say they own a cell phone. So what exactly is a cellular telephone? History tells us that Alexander Graham Bell received the first U.S. patent for a communication device called the telephone in 1875. This device allowed a human voice to be transmitted across a cooper wire. We grew up with the telephone and in my generation every house had at least one telephone. The first patent for cordless phone technology was given in 1959 but the technology did not become commercially viable until the breakup of the Ma Bell monopoly in the early 1980s, it was then that several companies started manufacturing wireless phone systems. These cordless phone systems were still connected to landlines but in actuality were two way radios using RF or Radio Frequency technology. Radio waves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum of radiation. Todays cell phones use EHF (Extremely High Frequency) or microwaves which are the same technology our microwave ovens are based on. Because the telephone started out as a safe technology we grew up using, people do not even think about the possible negative health consequences of using their cell phone. Cell phone usage has negative effects to your health. However when it comes to the health risks associated with using a cell phone, there is conflicting research. Mobile phone technology is new and its effects are unknown. We have only been using wireless communication technology for the last thirty years. There are not large enough studies conducted over long enough periods of time to come to the conclusion that this technology is safe. Cigarette smoking and even X-Rays where once thought to be safe, until enough information came to light to prove the dangers of using them. Most of the major studies have been done in countries that have a financial stake in the manufacturing of cell phones. Interphone is one of the largest studies ever done. It took place over the course of ten years and included the research of 13 different countries, comprising subjects from the age of 30-59. Even with large studies such as Interphone (which included 14,078 cases), there are on going debates about what the data actually means, thus with no conclusive results the report remains unpublished. But one thing they all agree on is that more research is needed. (Reardon, 2009, para. 6). Another issue involved is that the te chnology being used is rapidly evolving; the current incarnation of the cell phone is less than ten years old. The Stewart Report from the International Experts Group on Mobile Phones claims (Stewart, 2000, 40) New Telecommunications technologies have been introduced without full provision of information about their nature and without prior discussion within the scientific community about the consequences for health. The research is static while the technology is dynamic. The use of Cell phones increases the risk of cancer. Using a cell phone held up against your ear can increase your risk of getting cancer or brain tumors due to the proximity of the radiations source to the head and brain. There are many studies available which indicate a link between various types of cancer and cell phone usage. A study done in Sweden by Dr. Lennart Hardwell showed that the risk of acoustic neuroma and glioma are increased from 20% (low grade giloma) to 400% (high grade giloma) by long term mobile phone use (>10 years), highest risk category being ipsilateral exposure. Source: (Harwell, Carlberg, SÃ ¶derqvist, Mild Morgan, 2007). Dr. Ronald B. Herberman, MD and Director of the University of Pittsburg Cancer Institute and UPMC Cancer Center testified before the Domestic Policy Subcommittee Oversight and Government Reform Committee My attention was directed to a large body of evidence, including expert analyses showing absorption of RF into the brain and the comprehensive Bioinitiative Report, review of experimental a nd public health studies pointing to potential adverse biologic effects of RF signals, including brain tumors, associated with long-term and frequent use of cell phones held to the ear. Source: Herberman, R. (2008). Dr Herberman felt strongly enough about the connection between increased cancer risk and using a cell phone that he issued a warning to his staff which included 10 detailed steps to reduce exposure to the RF electromagnetic radiation. Cell phones do not cause cancer. Sources such as the US Food and Drug Administration and the American Cancer Society have found cell phone usage has not been directly linked to an increased risk of brain, and other cancers. The United States Food and Drug Administration is the government agency responsible for evaluating and regulating the safety of products that emit radiation. These products cover medical to entertainment electronics. The FDA website under the topic of Radiation emitting products, health issues, a simple question is asked and answered, Do cell phones pose a health hazard? Source: www.fda.gov (2010). The answer clearly states the scientific evidence has not proven that cell phones cause cancer or any other health issues. The American Cancer Society has evaluated close to 30 studies which were focused on the relationship between tumors and cell phone usage. The results of these studies have been similar. Most studies do not show a dose-response relationship a tendency for the risk of brain tumors t o increase with increasing cell phone use, which would be expected if cell phone use caused brain tumors. Source: www.cancer.org (2010). Certainly these organizations are credible and have no financial interest in the outcome of this controversial health topic. Mobile phones emit low-level RF. Because the RF levels emitting are so low, there is no direct link between mobile phones and health issues. According to the FDA cell phone levels of RF are low putting them into the range of microwaves. Microwaves produce non-ionizing radiation, not to be confused with ionizing radiation such as gamma or x-rays which does have a damaging effect on biological tissue. The Federal Communications Commission defines a biological effect as a measurable change in a biological system. The presence of a biological change does not translate into something that is biologically harmful. When the biological effect causes detectable impairment of the health of the individual or of his or her offspring it is categorized as harmful to ones safety. Source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission, Office of Engineering and Technology, (1999). These RF levels are only at their peak when actually transmitting and receiving, which limits the amount of exposure. The FDA stated that no prove existed that cellular phones are dangerous, however if people still have apprehension there many preventive methods that can be implanted to further decrease exposure to the already low level of RF energy. Cartoon Interpretation In this cartoon the author is suggesting that user is aware that using his cell phone is dangerous, by the comical way he attempts to protect himself with the metal helmet. In addition he appears to be discussing these concerns with his physician, who states If youre worried about the dangers of mobile phones why dont you use it less. As with any other type of radiation, the time of the exposure is one of the factors that determine the patient dose. By suggesting that the patient use his phone less the doctor is re-enforcing this principal. With the advent on new technologies such as mobile internet, text messaging and email people are using their cell phones for extended periods of time and carry them constantly. By turning the phone off when not in use the patient could further decrease his exposure. Another concept radiation protection uses is increasing the distance between them and the source of radiation. This patient could eliminate the need for his humorous helmet by using so me ear buds with a microphone. The ear buds would allow him to use his cell phone without having the phone pressed against the temporal bone, which is in close proximity to the brain. Most cell phones today included these ear buds in the box, I know my Blackberry did. The other option is to use the speakerphone which is my personal favorite, especially in the car. I would also recommend he not carry the phone on his person, he could simply turn the phone off or put it in Airplane mode when not using it. Conclusion Radiation protection is founded on the premise that there is no safe amount of ionizing radiation. We should apply this approach when thinking about how and when we use our cellular phones even though they emit non-ionizing radiation. All the negative health implications of long-term cell phone usage are still unknown. Brain tumors take at least 10 to 20 years to manifest themselves. Source: Khurana, G. (2008). Taking a lesson taught to us from history with the health issues associated with x-rays and cigarettes, we need to take a more conservative approach when using a cell phone. Cell phones are now rated for how much specific absorbed rate per kilogram (SAR) they emit. There are many sources on the internet that compare the specific absorbed rate of phones from various manufacturers. Choose a cell phone model which emits a low amount of radiation to begin with. As consumers we should demand that objective studies be done over a long period of time using a number of subjects signif icantly relative to the amount of people using this technology. These studies must be conducted by experts in the medical community familiar with studying the mechanism of the causes of cancer. We should pressure our lawmakers to put in place more stringent requirements when it comes to minimizing the specific absorbed rate and improve the design to minimize. While not within the scope of this paper, I would be negligent not to mention the importance of controlling the cell phone usage of our children; their bodies are far more susceptible to the effects of RF radiation. Source: Khurana, G. (2008). The biggest challenge is to make people understand that no one is asking them to stop using their cell phone. Cell phones are an invaluable communication technology. For your own well being and that of your family please be aware of the dangers and how to limit the effects of them.

Truman Show Essays -- essays papers

The Truman Show Manipulation and delusion are at the heart of the movie The Truman Show. Carefully crafted, this movie portrays television and its producers as producing a fake environment with a â€Å"real person† designed to appeal to the American masses. The smooth packaging lulls the audience into being in on the joke, but perhaps the joke is on the audience to even sit through the almost two hours of bland entertainment. In fact, the story of Truman Burbank is small town boring, taking place on Seahaven, a diminutive island. Truman believes that he is an insurance broker with a loving wife, Meryl, a nice suburban home, and a best friend. Slowly through a series of unusual events, Truman becomes aware that this quiet, tame life is a fraud. Everyone on the island is not true – not his wife, friend, mother, and the â€Å"father† he thought dead- all are actors playing a role performing as told by the producers. Ironically, it is the malfunction of another media form, the radio, which helps clue him in to the fact that his every move is being broadcast. The media corporation promoting The Truman Show and Cristof, the TV producer, are shown focused on the job to create entertainment for the mass market, even if seeing the dull life of Truman is their definition of entertainment. Does filming a real life make for exciting viewing? Generally, no, although one has only to remember the millions of views fascinated by the sight of O.J. Simpson in a white Bronco traveling down...

Factors Influencing Employer-Employee Relationship in Strategy Execution in Non-Govermental Organizations in Nairobi Kenya

FACTORS INFLUENCING EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP IN STRATEGY EXECUTION IN NON-GOVERMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN NAIROBI KENYA TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE3 1. 0 INTRODUCTION3 1. 1 Background of the Study3 1. 2 Statement of the Problem7 1. 3 Objectives of the Study8 1. 4 Research Questions8 1. 5 Importance of the Study9 1. 6 Limitations of the Study10 1. 7 Definition of Operational Terms10 1. 8 Chapter Summary10 CHAPTER TWO12 2. 0 LITERATURE REVIEW12 2. 1 Introduction12 2. 2 Approaches of Performance Appraisal12 2. 3 Effect of Performance Appraisal Accuracy on Staff Performance18 2. Effects of Employee Appraisal Feedback Management on Staff Performance24 2. 5 Effects of Appraisers’ Competence on Employee Performance26 2. 6 Conceptual Framework29 CHAPTER THREE31 3. 0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY31 3. 1 Introduction31 3. 2 Research Design31 3. 3 Population and Sampling Design32 3. 4 Data Collection Methods34 3. 5 Research Procedures34 3. 6 Data Analysis Methods35 3. 7 Chapter Summary35 REF ERENCES37 CHAPTER ONE 1. 0INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background of the Study Performance appraisals can mean different things to different people.In general, a Performance appraisal is defined as an evaluation of an employee’s job performance to measure how effectively this employee is performing at their job (Becton, Portis, & Schraeder, 2007). The traditional format of a performance appraisal is an employee meeting with their supervisor annually or twice a year to go over how well the employee is doing their job. Usually the company the employee is working for provides a form for the supervisor to fill out and go over with the employee. This form list goals and objectives of the company and how well the employee is meeting these.In modern times performance appraisal systems are increasingly being used in both public and private sector to evaluate the performance of employees. Appraisal, according to Smith, (2000), involves the identification of cause and effect relationships on whic h employment and labour policies are based or can be based and are a routine process that organizations use to evaluate their employees. It is a systematic assessment that is as objective as possible of an ongoing programme or policy, its design, implementation and results.Its aim is to appraise the relevance and fulfillment of objectives, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability. The appraisal systems usually involves evaluating performance based on the judgements and opinions of subordinates, peers, supervisors, other managers and even workers themselves (Jackson & Schuler 2003). An employee appraisal, performance review, or career development discussion is a method by which the job performance of an employee is evaluated in terms of quality, quantity, cost and time.Performance appraisal is also part of career development. Performance appraisals are regular reviews of employee performance within organizations. Performance appraisal as a process is seen as a key contrib utor to successful human resource management, as it is strongly related to organisational performance (Erdogan, 2002). Murphy and Cleveland (1995) believe that performance appraisals can help organizations in four ways. First, they can enhance the quality of organizational decisions, ranging from promotions, layoffs, compensation and transfers.Second, they can enhance the quality of individual decisions, ranging from career choices to decisions about where to direct one's time and effort. Third, they provide a set of tools for organizational diagnosis and development. Finally, performance appraisals can affect employees' views of and attachment to their organization. Performance appraisal is a tool of management that can lead to better communication, motivation and feedback (Stivers and Joyce, 2000). A common process for managing employees is the traditional practice of annual performance reviews.While these annual reviews have their shortcomings, companies around the globe continue to use them. However, to increase accuracy and to get a comprehensive and balanced feedback about employee performance, 360-degree feedback system is becoming more popular. In this system peers, subordinates and customers also do the appraisal. This is particularly relevant in the light of research, which has empirically proved that 360-degree feedback system improves employee performance significantly (Rai & Singh 2005).Performance appraisal is centrally managed by the human resource department in National Cereals and Produce Board. The aims of a performance appraisal are to give feedback on performance of employees, identify employee training needs, allocate rewards, forms a basis for personal decisions; salary increases, promotions, disciplinary actions, provide the opportunity for organizational diagnosis and development, facilitate communication between employee and administration and validate selection techniques and human resource policies to meet equal employment opportunit y requirements.Performance appraisal is an ongoing communication process between employees and supervisors. Supervisors should set expectations, monitor performance, and provide feedback to employees. By having this information, they will direct and develop employee performance by identifying training and development needs, correcting, and determining raises and promotions (Seldon, Ingraham, & Jacobson, 2001). Performance appraisal is evaluating employee’s current and past performance relative to his or her performance standards.Therefore, if performance appraisal is successfully carried out in an organization, the employees would be able to know how well they are performing and what is expected of them in future in terms of effort and task direction through an established plan for performance improvement Dessler (2005). To appreciate the purpose of performance appraisal one has to look at it from the different viewpoints of the employee and the organization.From the employee s view point, the purpose of performance appraisal is to enable the employee be guided on what is to be done and that he or she should receive a comprehensive feedback on how he or she performed. The employee also requires that the manager should help him or her improve on areas where gaps were identified in his or her performance and finally, expect to have appropriate recognition for good performance (NCPB Human Resource Policies and Procedures Issue 2010).From the organizations view point, one of the most important reasons for having a system of performance appraisal is to establish and uphold the principle of accountability. For decades, it has been known that one of the chief causes of organizational failure is non-alignment of responsibility and accountability. Non-alignment occurs where employees are given responsibilities and duties, but are not held accountable for the way in which the responsibilities and duties are performed (NCPB Human Resource Policies and Procedures Is sue 2010).The National Cereals and Produce Board which is the organization selected for this study is a body corporate that was established in 1985 under Cap. 338 of the Laws of Kenya. However, this organization has been in existence since 1939 when it was established by the then Colonial Government. The Board previously operated under diverse names which included West Kenya Maize Marketing Board, Maize Marketing and Control Board, Maize and Produce Board. It acquired its current name after the amalgamation of the Maize and Produce Board with the defunct Wheat Board in 1980 (NCPB Act, Cap 338).The Board’s main function over time has been to provide grain farmers with a marketing outlet, while at the same time it is charged with undertaking the food supply functions of the State. The Board trades in maize, wheat, beans and other scheduled produce such as millet, sorghum and rice. It also offers services like drying, grading, cleaning, pest control and storage of grain as well as weighing. Additionally, the Board offers for sale, such items like weighing scales, gunny bags, pesticides and tarpaulins.More recently the Board had engaged in the trading in farm inputs more specifically fertilizer with the aim of reducing the cost of production for the farmer and also diversify its products range to make it more profitable (NCPB Strategic Plan, 2009-2013). The organization has a network of 110 stations spread all over Kenya; in both the high potential agricultural areas like most parts of Rift Valley, Western and Central Provinces, as well as the low potential (food deficit) areas like North Eastern and parts of Eastern Provinces.The network is divided into six administrative regions which are Nairobi/Eastern, Northern, Coast, North Rift, South Rift, South Rift and Lake/Western (NCPB Strategic Plan 2009-13). The Board has since the early 1990’s been undergoing major restructuring and rationalization of its operations under the Civil Service Reform Progr amme. This included the downsizing of work force, with the objective of reducing its bloated staff strength to retain a leaner workforce, which could deliver the required services more efficiently and effectively.In a period of ten years (1993-2003), the Board released more than 70% of its total workforce through a Staff Voluntary Early Retirement Scheme and other methods of leaving. This reduced its staff strength from approximately 4,500 it had at the beginning of the retrenchment exercise to a mere 930 at the end of the exercise. The Board currently has an establishment of about 1020 employees falling under four broad categories, namely Senior Management (Job Group M and above), Middle Level Management (Job Group K-L), Supervisory Management (Job Group G-J) and Operatives (Job Group A-F) (NCPB Staff Establishment Audit Report, 2004).The organization has a fully-fledged Human Resource Department, which uses a detailed Resource Manual that contains policies and procedures that basi cally defines the relationship of the organization. The Board recognizes that human resource constitute its most assets, because people grow and develop over time and without them all the other resources (materials, money, methods and machines) will not be effectively utilized.According to the manual, Board’s Human Resources Management function is primarily concerned with the human relationship fields. It aims at bringing together and developing the human resource cohesive and an effective unit to complement all the other functions in the Board, while regard to the well being of the individual and groups of workers enabling them to make maximum contribution towards the successful attainment and sustenance of the Board’s corporate goals and objectives (NCPB Human Resource Policies and Procedures Issue, 2010).National Cereals and Produce Board has two forms of performance appraisals with the main one being carried out annually and involves the appraiser and the appraisee sitting together to review the latter’s performance in the preceding one year. They evaluate the extent to which the employee met the targets agreed upon at the beginning of the appraisal period.The other type of performance appraisal target employees on probation and those appointed to various higher capacities on trial basis and is conducted to determine their suitability or otherwise for confirmation on their respective positions (NCPB Human Resource Policies and Procedures Issue, 2010). 1. 2Statement of the Problem At an organizational level, the performance appraisal system impacts other HR systems as well as organizational strategy.Latham and Wexley (2001) assert that the effectiveness of an organization's performance appraisal system is a prerequisite for ensuring the success of its selection, training, and employee motivation practices. At a strategic level, the need for rapid and effective organizational change in today's dynamic social, economic, and political envi ronment requires that employees continually re-align their performance with the evolving goals and objectives of the organization (O'Donnell and Shields, 2002).The need to continually re-align performance characterizes many organizational departments which continue to struggle with getting their members to embrace the philosophy and practices that are geared at enhancing performance (Scrivner, 1995; Vinzant and Crothers, 1994). The organization since early 1990’s has been undergoing major restructuring and rationalization of its operations under the Civil Service Reform Programme. This included the downsizing of work force, with the objective of reducing its bloated staff strength to retain a leaner workforce, which could deliver the required services more efficiently and effectively.The Board has in a period of ten years (1993-2003), released more than 70% of its total workforce through a Staff Voluntary Early Retirement Scheme and other methods of leaving. This has reduced its staff strength from approximately 4,500 it had at the beginning of the retrenchment exercise to a mere 1020 at present. The organization has frozen recruitment except for professionals and replacement of essential employees which has led to the re-allocation of the duties that were earlier being performed by higher number of employees to fewer people.In order to enhance employee performance the Board introduced employee appraisal system was introduced in 2010. At National cereal and Produce board, performance appraisals have been conducted but they have faced many challenges. Instead of boosting staff performance, they have ended up frustrating staff until some have ended up leaving because of the high level of disatisfaction. NCPB has offices in several locations including Nairobi, Nakuru, Eldoret, Moisbridge, Kitale among other major town.In order to improve the effectiveness of performance appraisals, the organization has tried to apply different approaches of performance app raisals but the result has not been any different. The study seeks to investigate the effects of performance appraisal system on staff performance at National Cereals and Produce Board. 1. 3Objectives of the Study 1. 3. 1Broad Objective of the Study The broad objective of the study is to investigate the effects of performance appraisal systems on staff performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board. . Specific objectives 1. 3. 2. 1To determine the types of performance appraisal approaches used at the Kenya National Cereals and Produce Board. 1. 3. 2. 2To determine the effect of performance appraisal accuracy on staff performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board. 3. To establish the effects of employee appraisal feedback management on staff performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board. 4. To assess the effects of appraisers’ competence on employee performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board. . 4 Research Questions 1. What are the types of per formance appraisal approaches used at the Kenya National Cereals and Produce Board? 2. What are the effects of performance appraisal accuracy on staff performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board? 3. How does employee appraisal feedback management affect staff performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board? 4. How does appraisers’ competence affect employee performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board? Methods Population/SampleThe population in this research is all employees’ program participants, their supervisors, and management team. The sample for this research will be forty employees participants, 20 supervisors participants and 10 management participants and performance appraisal evaluators. Data Collection A survey will be used to collect all of the information for the research project. Surveys will be handed out to performance appraisal evaluators and turned in when the performance appraisal is complete to the researcher.Also, employees ’ participants and their supervisors’ participants and managers’ participants will complete surveys at semi-annual performance reviews. The surveys will be filled out at the end of the performance appraisal session and turned in to the research evaluator. Data Analysis Qualitative analysis will be used to analyze the open-ended questions on the survey. Common subjects and similarities will be examined to draw conclusions about the strengths and weaknesses of the performance appraisal. 1. 5Importance of the Study 1. 5. 1National Cereals and Produce BoardThe research will be of importance to the Board as it will advocate for the importance of performance appraisal in the organization and will enable the management of NCPB to come up with a streamlined performance appraisal system and at the same time communicate to employees what they are expected to do in order to achieve the organization corporate goals. 1. 5. 2Human Resource Department The results of the resear ch will enable the Human Resource Department to examine the existing performance appraisal system, highlight the main deficiencies affecting the system and point out possible ways of improvement.The system would then transform the employees into a hardworking and highly committed workforce that will enable the organization achieve its objectives efficiently and effectively and thus create a competitive advantage. 1. 5. 3Other Organizations Parastatals within the Ministry of Agriculture and other stakeholders in the grain sub-sector will use the research findings to improve their employee performance appraisal systems and the use of performance appraisal system as a management tool. The performance appraisal system will be a useful tool in complementing performance contracting currently used in all Government ffiliated offices. 1. 5. 4Future Researchers Future researchers will also be able to use the research findings as a benchmark to their research on performance appraisal system a nd its effects on staff performance. In addition, the findings of this study will serve as a source of reference in future research. The study will also suggest other areas where future researchers can further their knowledge. 1. 5Scope of Study The study will be carried out within the National Cereals and Produce Board Headquarters, Industrial Area, Nairobi. 1. 6Limitations of the Study 1. 6. Non response because of fear to reveal detailed information concerning the organization due to fear of exposing the weaknesses the organization is facing and the confidentiality of such information in terms of business practices. The researcher foresees a challenge in collecting the required data from the respondents. The respondents may fear giving information stating that the information requested may be used against them. To limit the effects of this limitation, the researcher will carry with her an introduction letter from the University confirming that the data requested will be used for academic purposes only. . 6. 2Lack of co-operation from some of the respondents for fear of victimization from their supervisors. 1. 6. 3 The researcher also foresees a challenge where the respondents are likely to give the ideal scenario instead of providing the situation they way it is now. This may affect research finding as it will distort the study findings. 1. 7 Definition of Operational Terms Respondents- the persons from whom information were sought in the study Public sector-the civil service and organizations operating under the State Corporations Act Appraisal-to evaluate or assess the worth of somethingPerformance -is the act of carrying out something Research-to make a detailed study or investigation of something 1. 8Chapter Summary This chapter covered introduction of the study where it discussed the key concepts in the study including performance appraisal and employee performance and how they relate to one another. It then provided statement of the problem where it d iscussed the importance of performance appraisals to organizations, what the situation is at the Kenya National Cereal and Produce Board and what the research gap for the study is.The chapter then presents the study objectives including main and specific before presenting the research questions. The chapter then presented the importance of the study, limitations of the study, definition of terms and chapter summary. REFERENCES Aswathapa, K. (2006). Human Resource Management and Personnel Management, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. Armstrong, M. (2006). A Handbook of Personnel Management Practice, 8th Edition, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, USA. Armstrong, M. and Stephens, T. (2005).A Handbook of Employee Reward Management and Practice, Kigan Page Limited, USA. Bannister, B. D. 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(2005) Mediating effects in the relationship between 360-degree Feedback and Employee Performance. Working Paper No. 2005-04-06. Rao P. Subba and Rao V. S. P. (1990) Personnel/Human Resource Management, New Delhi: Konark Publishers PVT Limited. Saleemi N. A. (2005). Personnel Management, 2nd Edition, N. A. Saleemi Printers, Nairobi, Kenya. San Joaquin County, Human Resources Division. (2002) Human Resources Handbook. Tripathi P. C. 1989) Personnel Management and Industrial Relations, India: Sultan Chand and Sons. To determine the types of performance appraisal approaches used at the Kenya National Cereals and Produce Board. To determine the effect of performance appraisal accuracy on staff performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board. To establish the effects of employee appraisal feedback management on staff performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board. To assess the effects of appraisers’ competence on employee performance at the National Cereals and Produce Board.